I am so appreciative to my friend, Alex of The Children's War, WWII, who just wrote a review on a book called, "Blue," by author J. Hostetter which is written from a child's perspective about Hickory, NC, and the Polio Epidemic of 1944 during WWII.
This is such an important book to me, personally, because my mother is from that immediate area and was a victim of polio at that very time. She became paralysed on her left side, spent time in a tent, then an iron lung and remembers much of the scene and times. If she weren't off on a fun trip to Arizona for the next few weeks, I could interview her about it! But for now, suffice it to say that she survived with relatively few crippling effects.
She remained "small boned" and thin most of her life, has always fought a weakness on her left side mostly in her hand, and now, as she's aged she has tended to have nerve problems in her face and weakness in the muscles in her arm and fingers on the left side, as well as her left leg.
These things have not kept my mother down, however! She was always and still is a Warrior Woman in spirit! I'm sure she was a little fighter as a child and that spirit brought her through a time that could have crushed another, less strong-willed child. Not to mention the fact that my family is a very long line peppered with Christians who, I'm sure, were praying the poles off the tents in Hickory!
Mother is about a 16th of Cherokee, which tribe is strong in that area of North Western NC, just down the Great Smoky Mountains from Grandfather Mountain in Blowing Rock, and Boone, and, of course, what's known now as Cherokee, NC. Mother's family originates from a French bloodline. Her name is Louise, which is an old family name. It seems evident that there was some French and Indian War mixing going on in the background! I'm sure that also had something to do with her spirit and mind-set. She's not one to keep down in a battle!
I do recall that Mom said she was about 13 years old when she contracted polio, it was the Summer, and that she had been swimming with her cousins in a pond on their farm in the country. That would have been in Catawba County in 1944. Hickory was about 30 minutes away at that time on what were probably just 2-way backroads. Transportation would have been difficult. Not many of my mother's people had cars. They either worked near their factory jobs, or were farmers with tractors and trucks. I know as a child my maternal grandmother didn't drive and she called a taxi for us to go anywhere at all when I visited her. Mother isn't sure how she got to the hospital. We'll have to leave the rest of the story to her.....
These things have not kept my mother down, however! She was always and still is a Warrior Woman in spirit! I'm sure she was a little fighter as a child and that spirit brought her through a time that could have crushed another, less strong-willed child. Not to mention the fact that my family is a very long line peppered with Christians who, I'm sure, were praying the poles off the tents in Hickory!
Mother is about a 16th of Cherokee, which tribe is strong in that area of North Western NC, just down the Great Smoky Mountains from Grandfather Mountain in Blowing Rock, and Boone, and, of course, what's known now as Cherokee, NC. Mother's family originates from a French bloodline. Her name is Louise, which is an old family name. It seems evident that there was some French and Indian War mixing going on in the background! I'm sure that also had something to do with her spirit and mind-set. She's not one to keep down in a battle!
I do recall that Mom said she was about 13 years old when she contracted polio, it was the Summer, and that she had been swimming with her cousins in a pond on their farm in the country. That would have been in Catawba County in 1944. Hickory was about 30 minutes away at that time on what were probably just 2-way backroads. Transportation would have been difficult. Not many of my mother's people had cars. They either worked near their factory jobs, or were farmers with tractors and trucks. I know as a child my maternal grandmother didn't drive and she called a taxi for us to go anywhere at all when I visited her. Mother isn't sure how she got to the hospital. We'll have to leave the rest of the story to her.....
I'm anxious to get Mom back for an interview here later...in January. As far as I know she's only discussed her polio with me as I'm the oldest of 6 children. She never really made a big deal of it, and it certainly didn't stop her having a houseful of children!
Below are some facts which Alex linked to her blog and which I've lifted for interest purposes here:
The Polio Epidemic
1944 - Institutional Event"I won’t ever forget the feeling in my legs when I lost the use of them.
It was just such a weird feeling.
It was just like it went through me,
just a surge went through my body.
I can feel it right now just thinking about it.
It was very frightening for a little 14-year-old girl to think,
gosh, my life’s gone, you know?”
—Addie Flowers Vance, Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, 1996
The word “polio” no longer sends ripples of fear through parents across the United States. But as early as 1916, large outbreaks of poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis, swept through cities and towns, crippling and killing thousands. The victims were mainly children—but not always. In 1921, at the age of 39, Franklin D. Roosevelt was left with severe paralysis from the disease and spent most of his presidency in a wheelchair. During his second term, he founded the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, known later as the March of Dimes.
Polio is an infectious viral disease that enters through the mouth or nose, then travels to the spinal cord. There it attacks nerves that control muscle activity, causing temporary or permanent paralysis. Usually polio affects leg, arm, stomach and back muscles. But if it paralyzes chest muscles needed for breathing, it can be fatal.
Just as World War II ended, the most severe epidemics hit the nation. Most polio outbreaks began in the summer. Since children were most frequently affected, communities reacted with dread, often closing down public swimming pools and movie theaters. The epidemic peaked in North Carolina and the United States in 1952, when a record 57,628 cases were reported nationally. Some referred to the national state of panic as “polio hysteria.”
The following year, Dr. Jonas Salk and his associates developed an injectable polio vaccine made from inactivated virus. Schoolchildren by the thousands were vaccinated, reducing the incidence of polio by almost 90 percent within two years. Later, the Salk vaccine was replaced by the Sabin oral vaccine, which was easier and less expensive to administer.
Today polio has been eradicated in the United States, where the last case caused by “wild” virus was reported in 1979. Worldwide, while vaccination campaigns continue, hundreds of new cases are still reported each year.
Polio swept across North Carolina’s western Piedmont region in 1944, centering around Catawba County.
The March of Dimes, a fund-raising organization, was founded by FDR as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1938.
Between 1949 and 1954, 65% of those who contracted polio were children.
North Carolina children wait in segregated lines for free Salk polio vaccinations.
Post-Polio Syndrome
During the 1940s and ’50s, polio patients were told their muscles would lose strength and flexibility if not used to full capacity. So they pushed their bodies, often beyond their limits. Many recovered to the point where they no longer needed crutches, braces, wheelchairs or iron lungs.But 30 to 40 years later, the disease took a second toll on some survivors. These former patients began experiencing new pain and muscle weakness, in some cases forcing them back into wheelchairs. Doctors now believe these symptoms result from overworked nerve cells, muscles and joints.
Today, physical therapists encourage polio survivors to abandon the old “use it or lose it” philosophy in favor of a new approach: “Conserve it to preserve it.”
The Iron Lifesaver
Polio killed many victims by paralyzing the muscles needed for breathing. But many more survived, thanks to a device invented in 1929, the iron lung. The patient lay on a bed that could slide in and out of a large metal tank. At one end was a motor-powered “bellows” that pumped air in and out of the chamber. As air pressure increased in the chamber, it pushed down on the patient’s chest, forcing air out of the lungs. When the pressure decreased, the chest expanded, taking air into the lungs.Some patients regained their ability to breathe on their own after a few weeks or months in an iron lung. Others remained dependent on the device for years.
The cost of an iron lung was high—about $1,500 during the 1930s, the average price of a home at that time. To help families afford respiratory treatment and medical equipment such as braces and crutches, North Carolina Blue Plans began offering additional coverage for polio.
The iron lung saved many thousands of lives during the polio epidemic.
An iron lung decorated with photos and cards. The mirror above the pillow let patients see visitors behind them.
Extra healthcare coverage helped families pay the cost of polio treatment and equipment.
The Miracle of Hickory
When a 1944 polio epidemic quickly filled hospitals in and around Catawba County, NC, the town of Hickory and the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis went into high gear. Almost overnight, they turned a local camp into an emergency hospital. The first patients were admitted within 54 hours—a feat that became known as “the miracle of Hickory.”
Arriving patients remained in quarantine for two weeks, isolated even from parents in case they were still contagious. Afterward, they could have visitors only on Wednesdays and Sundays. But because of distance, lack of transportation or gasoline rationing, some families found it difficult to make the trip. Spending weeks or months away from their parents made the experience doubly traumatic for many young patients, who also had to cope with the boredom of passing the long hours between physical therapy sessions, unable to move.
“You just lay there in the bed. It wasn’t no TVs to look at, wasn’t no radios to listen to.”
—Samuel Jolley, Forest City, Rutherford County, 1996
There was no cure for polio, and theories about treatment differed. Some believed paralyzed limbs should be immobilized with plaster casts to keep them from growing crooked. But more adopted the “use it or lose it” philosophy. After the disease’s acute phase had passed, the treatment included intense, persistent exercise and heat therapy, both of which could be uncomfortable or painful.
Many patients slowly regained the use of leg muscles and began to walk again with the help of crutches, leg braces and even corsets to straighten their spines.
Arriving patients remained in quarantine for two weeks, isolated even from parents in case they were still contagious. Afterward, they could have visitors only on Wednesdays and Sundays. But because of distance, lack of transportation or gasoline rationing, some families found it difficult to make the trip. Spending weeks or months away from their parents made the experience doubly traumatic for many young patients, who also had to cope with the boredom of passing the long hours between physical therapy sessions, unable to move.
“You just lay there in the bed. It wasn’t no TVs to look at, wasn’t no radios to listen to.”
—Samuel Jolley, Forest City, Rutherford County, 1996
There was no cure for polio, and theories about treatment differed. Some believed paralyzed limbs should be immobilized with plaster casts to keep them from growing crooked. But more adopted the “use it or lose it” philosophy. After the disease’s acute phase had passed, the treatment included intense, persistent exercise and heat therapy, both of which could be uncomfortable or painful.
Many patients slowly regained the use of leg muscles and began to walk again with the help of crutches, leg braces and even corsets to straighten their spines.
Polio victims often wore heavy braces to support weakened muscles.
I would love to hear if any of you have family who were also polio victims and/or survivors. And, if any of you are from this area of NC and remember these years....or have family who are and remember.
Thanks so much for stopping by!
(Admitting a young woman at Hickory, NC)With warmest regards,
Deb/Your Bookish Dame
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